Proposition d’une démarche de Retour d’Expérience pour l’évaluation et la prévention des accidents industriels

S. Chettouh

Abstract


Abstract: Lesson learned from industrial accidents is considered to be one of the main pillars of modern industrial risk assessment approaches that provides a solid and structured basis for decision-making processes. The main objective of this work is to use the Lesson learned from industrial accidents in the Skikda refinery during the period from 2003 to 2018 as input data to simulate the consequences of these accidents. 59 accidents were reported during this period, two of them were judged to be major accidents. Statistical analysis shows that the fire was the most common accident in the refinery (50%) caused mainly by equipment failures (30%) causing loss of lifes and damage to properties and the environment. This proposed approach makes it possible to identify the exposed areas to the different effects of industrial accidents (toxic threat zone, thermal threat zone and overpressure threat zone), which makes the overall risk assessment approach more practical and effective for the appropriate use of safety barriers and for the entire decision-making process to minimize the adverse impacts of such accidents.

Résumé: Le Retour d’expérience (REX) sur les accidents industriels est considéré comme l'un des principaux piliers des approches modernes d'évaluation des risques industriels qui fournit une base solide et structurée aux processus de prise de décision. L'objectif principal de ce travail est d'utiliser le retour d’expérience sur les accidents industriels dans la raffinerie de Skikda (Algérie) durant la période allant de 2003 à 2018 comme données d'entrée pour la simulation numérique des conséquences de ces accidents. 59 accidents ont été reportés au cours de cette période dont deux accidents ont été jugés comme accidents majeurs. L’analyse statistique a montré que l’incendie été l’accident le plus courant dans la raffinerie (50%) causé principalement par des défaillances du matériel (30%) et causant des pertes des vies humaines et des atteintes aux biens et à l’environnement. Cette approche proposée a permet aussi d'identifier les zones exposées aux différents effets des accidents industriels (toxiques, thermiques et surpression), ce qui rend l'approche globale d'évaluation des risques plus pratique et efficace pour l'utilisation appropriée des barrières de sécurité et pour l'ensemble du processus décisionnel afin de minimiser les effets néfastes de tels accidents.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wood, M. H.; Gyenes, Z. Lessons learned from corrosion-related accidents in petroleum refineries. Loss Prevention Bulletin 246 (2015) 12-15.

La base de données ARIA, https://www.aria.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/ (Janvier 2020)

Kadri, F.; Châtelet, E. Domino effect analysis and assessment of industrial sites: A review of methodologies and software tools. International Journal of Computers and Distributed Systems 2 (2013) 1-10.

Khan, F. I.; Abbasi, S. A. Accident hazard index : a multi-attribute method for process industry hazard rating. Process safety and environmental protection 75(4) (1997) 217-224.

Chang, J. I.; Lin, C. C. A study of storage tank accidents. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries 19(1) (2006) 51-59.

DNV. The risks arising from major accident hazards, lessons from the past, opportunities for the future, (2008) USA.

Sweis, F. K. Fires and related incidents in Jordan (1996–2004). Fire safety journal 41(5) (2006) 370-376.

Etkin, D. S. Estimating cleanup costs for oil spills. In International Oil Spill Conference, American Petroleum Institute 1999 (1999) 35-39.

Dechy, N.; Dien, Y.; Llory, M. Les échecs du retour d’expérience : problématiques de la formalisation et de la communication des enseignements tirés. 16ème Congrès de maîtrise des risques et sûreté de fonctionnement, Avignon. LambdaMu (2008)1, 24.

Hare, J.; Johnson, M.; Fullam, B. Learning from process safety incidents. In Proceedings at IChemE Hazards XXI Conference, Manchester, UK, 155 (2009) 10-12.

Khan, F. I.; Abbasi, S. A. Major accidents in process industries and an analysis of causes and consequences. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process Industries 12(5) (1999) 361-378.

Khan, F. I.; Abbasi, S. A. The world's worst industrial accident of the 1990s what happened and what might have been: A quantitative study. Process Safety Progress 18(3) (1999) 135-145.

Hudson, P. Applying the lessons of high risk industries to health care. Quality and safety in health care 12 (2003) (suppl 1) i7-i12.

Liu, T.; Zhong, M.; Xing, J. Industrial accidents: challenges for China’s economic and social development. Safety Science 43(8) (2005) 503-522.

Konstandinidou, M. ; Nivolianitou, Z. ; Markatos, N.; Kiranoudis, C. Statistical analysis of incidents reported in the Greek Petrochemical Industry for the period 1997–2003. Journal of hazardous materials 135(1) (2006) 1-9.

Sweis, F. K. Fires and related incidents in Jordan (1996–2004). Fire safety journal 41(5) (2006) 370-376.

Abdolhamidzadeh, B.; Abbasi, T.; Rashtchian, D.; Abbasi, S. A. Domino effect in process-industry accidents–An inventory of past events and identification of some patterns. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 24(5) (2011) 575-593.

Zhang, H. D.; Zheng, X. P. Characteristics of hazardous chemical accidents in China: A statistical investigation. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 25(4) (2012) 686-693.

Mihailidou, E. K.; Antoniadis, K. D.; Assael, M. J. The 319 Major Industrial Accidents Since 1917 International Review of Chemical Engineering 4(6) (2012) 529-540.

Cheng, C. W.; Yao, H. Q.; Wu, T. C. Applying data mining techniques to analyze the causes of major occupational accidents in the petrochemical industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 26(6) (2013), 1269-1278.

Khan, F.; Ahmed, S.; Yang, M.; Hashemi, S. J.; Caines, S.; Rathnayaka, S.; Oldford, D. Safety challenges in harsh environments: lessons learned. Process Safety Progress 34(2) (2015) 191-195.

Nivolianitou, Z.; Konstandinidou, M.; Michalis, C. Statistical analysis of major accidents, in petrochemical industry notified to the major accident reporting system (MARS). Journal of hazardous materials 137(1) (2006) 1-7.

Tauseef, S. M.; Abbasi, T.; Abbasi, S. A. Development of a new chemical process-industry accident database to assist in past accident analysis. Journal of loss prevention in the process industries 24(4) (2011) 426-431.

Calvo Olivares, R. D.; Rivera, S. S.; Núñez Mc Leod, J. E. Database for accidents and incidents in the biodiesel industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 29 (2014) 245-261.

Shaluf, I. M.; Ahmadun, F. R.; Said, A. M. Fire incident at a refinery in West Malaysia: the causes and lessons learned. Journal of Loss prevention in the Process Industries 16(4) (2003) 297-303.

Taveau, J. Explosion of fixed roof atmospheric storage tanks, Part 1: Background and review of case histories. Process Safety Progress 30(4) (2011) 381-392.

Fabiano, B.; Currò, F. From a survey on accidents in the downstream oil industry to the development of a detailed near-miss reporting system. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 90(5) (2012) 357-367.

Vastveit, K. R.; Boin, A.; Njå, O. Learning from incidents: Practices at a Scandinavian refinery. Safety science 79 (2015) 80-87.

Chettouh, S.; Hamzi, R. Statistical Analysis of Accidents Reported in the Algerian Oil Refining Industry for the Period 2003-2013. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology 2(12) 12 (2013) 2729-2735.

Chettouh, S.; Hamzi, R. Algerian Oil Refining Industry : Analysis of Past Industrial Accidents of the Period 2002-2013. World Applied Sciences Journal 29(7) (2014) 933-939.

Burgherr, P. In-depth analysis of accidental oil spills from tankers in the context of global spill trends from all sources. Journal of hazardous materials 140(1) (2007) 245-256.

Chettouh, S. Modèles statistiques pour l'évaluation des incertitudes associées aux effets du risque incendie. Thèse de doctorat, université de Batna 2, Algérie, 2016.

Chettouh, S.; Hamzi, R.; Benaroua, K. Examination of fire and related accidents in Skikda Oil Refinery for the period 2002–2013. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 41 (2016) 186-193.

Hadef, R. Quel projet urbain pour un retour de la ville à la mer à Cas de Skikda. Mémoire de Magister, Université de Constantine, Algérie (2008).

Hardy, C. C.; Ottmar, R. D.; Peterson, J. L.; Core, J. E. Smoke management guide for prescribed and wildland fire. National Wildlife Coordinating Group (2001).

NOAA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OR&R 43 ALOHA_ (Areal Locations of hazardous Atmospheres) 5.4.4. Technical Documentations, Seattle, Washington, November (2013).

https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/ALOHA_Tech_Doc.pdf (juin 2019)

Chettouh, S.; Hamzi, R.; Haddad, D.; Bourmada, N. Modèles numériques pour l'évaluation des effets de l'incendie sur l'environnement atmosphérique Application des logiciels : FLUENT, ALOHA. (2013). Qualita 13 (2013).

Tseng, J. M.; Su, T. S.; Kuo, C. Y. Consequence evaluation of toxic chemical releases by ALOHA. Procedia Engineering 45 (2012) 384-389.

Zio, E.; Aven, T. Industrial disasters : Extreme events, extremely rare. Some reflections on the treatment of uncertainties in the assessment of the associated risks. Process Safety and Environmental Protection 91(1) (2012) 31-45.

Shahriar, A.; Sadiq, R. ; Tesfamariam, S. Risk analysis for oil & gas pipelines: a sustainability assessment approach using fuzzy based bow-tie analysis. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries. 25(3) (2012) 505-523.

Jacinto, C.; Silva, C. A semi-quantitative assessment of occupational risks using bow-tie representation. Safety Science. 48(8) (2010) 973-979.

Khakzad, N.; Khan, F.; Amyotte, P. Dynamic risk analysis using bow-tie approach. Reliability Engineering & System Safety 104 (2012) 36-44.

Huijer, K. Trends in oil spills from tanker ships 1995-2004. International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation (ITOPF). London (2005) 30.

Khan, F. I. ;, Abbasi, S. A. Estimation of probabilities and likely consequences of a chain of accidents (domino effect) in Manali Industrial Complex. Journal of cleaner production 9(6) (2001) 493-508.

Lewis, S. ; Smith, K. Lessons learned from real world application of the bow-tie method. In 6th Global Congress on Process Safety. American Institute of Chemical Engineers San Antonio, Texas (2010), 472-483.

Cochet, S. Feux de Bac au Terminal RTE de Skikda”, Rapport d’Investigation n° 23507156. DNV Consulting (2005).

Whitehead, R. ; Cochet, S.; Bouda, R.; Haddadji, R.; Boussoualem, M. S. Accident du 04 Octobre 2005 RTE -Bacs S106 & S105. Report of the central direction HSE. SONATRACH, Algeria, 2005.

World Health Organization – Regional Office For Europe (OMS-Europe). WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants, Copenhagen, World Health Organization – Regional Office for Europe, 484 (2010).

http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf (Octobre 2019)

Hopkins, A. Failure to Learn: BP Texas City Refinery Disaster”, CCH Australia, (2008)186.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.