Recherche de molécules bioactives d’intérêt à partir d’une collection de souches bactériennes rhizosphèriques et étude de leur effet antifongique
Abstract
Abstract: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the potential of a collection of rhizobacteria strains to produce bioactive compounds of biotechnological interest, as well as the demonstration of its antifungal power.
The isolates studied belong to the Pseudomonas spp. fluorescents group and the genus Bacillus sp. After determining their physiological and biochemical characteristics, the isolates were tested for their ability to produce hydrolytic enzymes with other molecules.
The study of the antagonistic effect of the isolated bacteria against Verticillium dahliae agent of the olive verticillium wilt, was also carried out. The bacterial isolates come from the rhizospheric soil of three crops (loquat, barley and potato) in the Boumerdes region (coastal region in central Algeria).The study of the production of different enzymes such as lipases and caseinases, as well as indole acetic acid (AIA) and cyanid hydrogeniecis (HCN), shows a high production for the majority of the tested strains. In addition, in vitro inhibition of mycelium growth tests using these bacterial strains againts Verticillium dahlliae isolates has given very satisfactory results, with rates of inhibition of mycelial growth reaching 70% in some cases.Therefore, the isolated bacteria have, for the most part, antagonistic properties against the tested phytopathogenic fungus. They can also be exploited in plant biotechnology in the phytostimulation and improvement of plant growth and nutrition.
Résumé :
Le but de la présente étude est l’évaluation des potentialités d’une collection de souches de rhizobactéries à produire des composés bioactifs d’intérêt biotechnologique ainsi que la mise en évidence de son pouvoir antifongique. Les isolats étudiés appartiennent aux groupes Pseudomonas spp. fluorescents et au genre Bacillus sp. En effet, après la détermination de leurs caractères physiologiques et biochimiques, les isolats ont été testés pour déterminer leur capacité à produire des enzymes à effet hydrolytique avec d’autres molécules d’intérêt agronomique. L’étude de l’effet antagoniste des bactéries isolées contre Verticillium dahliae agent de la verticilliose de l’olivier, a été également réalisée. Les isolats bactériens proviennent du sol rhizosphèrique de trois plantes cultivées (Nèfle, Orge et pomme de terre) dans la région de Boumerdes (région côtière située au centre de l’Algérie).
L’étude de la production des différentes enzymes telles que les lipases et les caseinases, ainsi que l’acide indole acétique (AIA) et l’acide cyanhydrique (l’HCN) montrent une bonne de production pour la majorité des souches testées.
Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’effet inhibiteur des souches bactériennes effectuées in vitro contre le Verticillium dahliae à donnée des résultats très satisfaisant avec des taux d’inhibition de la croissance mycélienne qui peuvent atteindre 70% dans certain cas.
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