Phenol removal from water in the presence of nano-TiO2 and a natural activated carbon: intensive and extensive processes
Abstract
In this work two photocatalytic processes for the degradation of phenol in water are presented. The first one is extensive (EP) which carried out in a treatment chain of two steps allowing the adsorption of the pollutant by a natural activated carbon from the grapes. This operation is followed by a photocatalytic degradation of the residual phenol in the presence of TiO2. The second process is intensive (IP) is realized in one step in the presence of a hybrid photacalyticnano material prepared from a natural activated carbon and TiO2.
The evaluation of the two processes, EP and IP, is based on the analytical monitoring of the initial and final parameters of the water to be treated, i.e., the phenol concentration by liquid phase chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC). For both processes, the sampling carried out every 10 min for 120 min of treatment time to measure the phenol concentrations.
The elimination and degradation rates in the case of the intensive process are better than the extensive process. In both processes, the catechol molecule was detected as an under product of degradation. However, for the IP process, the concentration of this by-product of phenol was insignificant in the EP process.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Rui Martins, C. ; Rosa Quinta-Ferreira, M. Remediation of phenolic wastewaters by advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) at ambient conditions: Comparative studies. Chemical. Engineering. Science 66 (2011) 3243-3250.
Suzuki, H, S.; Araki Yamamoto, H. Evaluation of advanced oxidation processes (AOP) using O3, UV, and TiO2 for the degradation of phenol in water. Journal of Water Progress Engeneering 7 (2015) 54-60.
Kochana, J.; Adamski, J.; Parczewski1, Z. A critical view on the phenol index as a measure of phenol compounds content in waters. Application of a biosensor. Ecological. Chemical Engineering journal 19(3) (2012) 383-391.
Saha, N.C.; Bhunia, F.; Kaviraj, A. Toxicity of Phenol to Fish and Aquatic Ecosystems. Bull. Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 63 (1999) 195-202.
Gimeno, O.; Carbajo, M.; Beltrán, F. J.; Javier Rivas, F.Phenol and substituted phenols AOPs remediation,. Journal of Hazardous Materials119 (2004) 99-108.
Gonzalez, M. C.; Braun, A. M. VUV photolysis of aqueous solutions of nitrate and nitrite. Research on Chemical.Intermediates21 (1995) 837−859.
Zhang, Y.; Zhou, L.; Zeng, C.Q.; Wang, Z.; Gao, SA.; Ji, Y.; Yang, X. Photoreactivity of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its effects on the photodegradation of atenolol in water.Chemosphere Journal93 (2013)1747–1754.
Malvestiti, J. A.; Dantas, R.F. Disinfection of secondary effluents by O3, O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2: Influence of carbonate, nitrate, industrial contaminants and regrowth. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering6 (2018) 560-567.
Lu, G.; J. Hu. Effect of alpha-hydroxy acids on transformation products formation and degradation mechanisms of carbamazepine by UV/H2O2 processSci. Science of the Total Environment. 6891 (2019) 70-78.
He, H.; Ji, Q.; Gao, Z.; Yang, S.; Zhang, L. Degradation of tri(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate by the UV/H2O2 system: Kinetics, mechanisms and toxicity evaluation. Chemosphere Journal236 (2019) 124388.
Umer, M.; Tahir, M.; Usman Azam, M.; Tahir, B.; Alias, H. Montmorillonite dispersed single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)/TiO2 heterojunction composite for enhanced dynamic photocatalytic H2 production under visible light. Applied. Clay Science17415 (2019) 110-119.
D. Mc Naught, A.; Wilkinson, A. IUPAC. Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 2nd ed. (the "Gold Book"). Compiled by Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford (1997).
Díez, E.; Gómez, J.M.; Rodríguez, A.; Bernabé, I.; Sáez, P.; Galán, J. A new mesoporous activated carbon as potential adsorbent for effective indium removal from aqueous solutions. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials295(2020) 109984.
Leofanti, G.M.; Padovan, G.; Tozzola, B.; Venturelli, V. Surface area and pore texture of catalysts, Catalysis Today41 (1998) 207-219.
Akhter, M.S.; Keifer, J.R.; Chughtai, A.R.; Smith D.M. The absorption band at 1590 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum of carbons. Carbon 23 (1985) 589–591.
Xu, S.; Ng, J.; Zhang, X.; Bai, H.; Delai-Sun D. Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of Acid Orange 7 over hydrothermally synthesized mesoporous TiO2 nanotube. Colloids and Surfaces. A379 (2011)169–175.
Liu, S.X.; Chen, X.Y.; Chen, X. A TiO2/AC composite photocatalyst with high activity and easy separation prepared by a hydrothermal method, Journal of Hazardous Materials143 (2007)143-263.
Konstantinou, I.K.; Triantafyllos, A.A. TiO2-Assisted Photocatalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes in Aqueous Solution: Kinetic and Mechanistic Investigations: A Review. Applied. Catalysis B49 (2004) 1–14.
Guillard, C.; Lachheb, H.; Houas, A. Influence of chemical structure of dyes, of pH and of inorganic salts on their photocatalytic degradation by TiO2 comparison of the efficiency of powder and supported TiO2, Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A158 (2003) 27–36.
Bandara, J.; Morrison, C.; Kiwi, J. Degradation/decoloration of concentrated solutions of Orange II. Kinetics and quantum yield for sunlight induced reactions via Fenton type reagents. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A99 (1999) 57–66.
Cao, J.; Wei, L.; Huang, Q.; Han. Reducing, S degradation of azo dye by zero-valent iron in aqueous solution, Chemosphere Journal38 (1999) 565–571.
Ahmed, S.; Rasul, M.G.; Martens, W.N.; Brown, R.; Hashib, M.A. Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of phenols in wastewater: a review on current status and developments. Desalination261 (2010) 3–18.
Li, X-y.; Cui, Y-h.; Feng, Y-j.; Xie, Z-m.; Gu, J-D. Reaction pathways and mechanisms of the electrochemical degradation of phenol on different electrodes. Water Research39 (2005) 1972–1981.
M’Arimi, M.M.; Mecha, C.A.; Kiprop, A.K.; Ramkat, R. Recent trends in applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in bioenergy production: Review, Renewable and. Sustainable Energy Reviews121 (2020) 109669.
Rodrıguez-Gonzalez, V.; Alfaro, S. O.; Torres-Martınez, L. M.; Cho, H. S.; Lee, S.W. Silver-TiO2 nanocomposites: synthesis and harmful algae bloom UV-photo-elimination. Applied.Catalysis. B: Environmental 98 (2010) 229-234.
Yu, J. G.; Yu, H. G.; Cheng, B.; Zhou, M.; Zhao, X. Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 powder (P25) by hydrothermal treatment. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical253 (2006) 112–118.
Dionysiou, D.; Suidan, M.; Bekou, E.; Baudin, I.; Laine, J. Effect of ionic strength and hydrogen peroxide on the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid in water. Applied. Catalysis. B: Environmental26 (2000) 153-171.
Baran, W.; Sochacka, J.; Wardas, W. Toxicity and biodegradability of sulfonamides and products of their photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solution. Journal of Chemistry65 (2005), 21-24.
Behilil, A.; Lahcene, D.; Zahraouia, B.; Benmehdi, H. ; Belhachemi, M. ; Choukchou-Braham, A. Dégradationd’un colorant cationique par la photocatalyse-solaire à travers une argileAlgérienne imprégnée avec TiO2. Algerian Journal of Environmental Sience and Technology (6) 2020.
Azam, E.S. Photocatalytic oxidation of methylene blue dye under visible light by Ni doped Ag2S nanoparticles. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry20(6) (2014) 4033-4038
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.