Preparation and Characterization of graphene oxide nanosheets (GONS) from Graphite tailings recovered from drilling mold.

S. Bouriche, M. Makhlouf, M. Kadari, Z. Benmaamar

Abstract


Graphite is a stack of carbon layers where carbon atoms form hexagons in a honeycomb structure. Graphene on the other hand is a single atom thick layer which offers unique physical, chemical and biological properties compared to graphite.

Recycling graphite waste and converting it into graphene or graphène oxide may offer many economic, environmental and health benefits, and may also be used in many applications.

Graphite has been used widely in iron-steel, chemical, and nuclear industries for electrical, mechanical and other applications (e.g., metallurgy, pencil, coatings, lubricants and paint), and especially, most of the mold materials of drilling are made of graphite.

The major goal of this study is to produce recycled graphène oxide from graphite waste recovered from the drilling mold by using Hummer’s method.

In this study, graphite-based tailings recovered from drilling mold were collected from local waste collection companies after the sieving and cleaning processes, the resulting graphite is exfoliated in a single layer using a chemical exfoliation process.

We herein present a simple, fast, efficient and environmentally friendly technique to prepare graphene oxide (GO) from graphite residues recovered from the drilling mold by using Hummer’s method.

Complete characterizations of the properties of GO films have been performed. SEM and Raman analyzes showed that the GO sheets prepared in this study had a double-layered and multilamellar structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was chosen to measure the crystal structure of our materials.

A Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum analyzer was used to certify the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups in GO films. The chemical structure of the GO sheet was described in this study. Discussion and references for further research on graphene are provided.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Wallace, P. R. “The band theory of graphite,” Physical Review, vol. 71, no. 9, pp. (1947) 622–63.

Oshima, C.; Itoh, A.; Rokuta, E.; Tanaka, T.; Yamashita, K.; and Sakurai, T. “Hetero-epitaxial-double-atomic-layer system of monolayer graphene/monolayer h-BN on Ni(111),” Solid State Communications, vol. 116, no. 1, (2000) 37–40.

Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. “Electric field in atomically thin carbon films,” Science, vol. 306, no. 5696, (2004) 666–669.

Stoller, M. D.; Park, S.; Yanwu, Z.; An, J.; and Ruoff, R. S. “Graphene-based ultracapacitors,” Nano Letters, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. (2008) 3498–3502.

Novoselov, K. S.; Geim, A. K.; Morozov, S. V. “Twodimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene,” Nature, vol. 438, no. 7065, (2005) 197–200.

Novoselov, K. S.; Jiang, Z.; Zhang, Y. “Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene,” Science, vol. 315, no. 5817, (2007) 1379.

Balandin, A. A.; Ghosh, S.; W, Bao. “Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene,” Nano Letters, vol. 8, no. 3, (2008) 902–907.

Ghosh, S.; Calizo, I.; Teweldebrhan, D. “Extremely highthermal conductivity of graphene: prospects for thermal management applications in nanoelectronic circuits,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 92, no. 15, (2008) Article ID 151911.

Srivastava, S. K.; Shukla, A. K.; Vankar, V. D.; and Kumar, V. “Growth, structure and field emission characteristics of petal like carbon nano-structured thin films,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 492, no. 1-2, (2005) 124–130.

Hamilton, C. E.; Lomeda, J. R.; Sun, Z.; Tour, J. M.; and A. R.; Barron, “High-yield organic dispersions of unfunctionalized graphene,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, no. 10, (2009) 3460–3462.

Guo, S.; and Dong, S. “Graphene nanosheet: synthesis, molecular engineering, thin film, hybrids, and energy and analytical applications,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 40,no. 5, (2011) 2644– 2672.

Rao, C. N. R.; Subrahmanyam,K. S.; Ramakrishna Matte, H. S. S.; Maitra, Moses, U. K.; and Govindaraj, A. “Graphene: synthesis, functionalization and properties,” International Journal of Modern Physics B, vol. 25, no. 30,(2011) 4107–4143.

Chen, J.; Yao, B.; Li, C.; and Shi G. “An improved Hummers method for eco-friendly synthesis of graphene oxide,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 64, no. 1,(2013) 225–229.

Zhang, Y.; Pan, C. “TiO2/graphene composite from thermal reaction of graphene oxide and its photocatalytic activity in visible light,” Journal of Materials Science, vol. 46, no. 8, (2011) 2622–2626.

Shen, J.; Shi, M.; Yan, B.; Ma, H.; Li, N.; and Ye, M. “Ionic liquidassisted one-step hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composites,” Nano Research, vol. 4, no. 8,(2011) 795–806.

Kotchey, G. P. the Enzymatic Oxidation of Graphene Oxide, ACS Nano (2011) 2098–2108.

Stankovich, S. Synthesis of graphene-based nano sheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide, Carbon 45(2007) 1558–1565.

Ferrari , A.; Robertson, C. Interpretation of Raman spectra of disordered and amorphous carbon, J. Phys. Rev. B. 61 (2000) 14095–14107

Kurniasari. IOP Conf : Photoluminescence of Reduced Graphene Oxide Prepared from Old Coconut Shell with Carbonization Process at Varying Temperatures ,Materials Science and Engineering 196 (2017)

Lucchese, M.; Staval, M.; Ferreira, F.; Vilani, F.; Moutinho, E.; Achete, C. Carbon 48 (2010) 1592-1597.

Dreyer, D. R.; S.; Park, C. W.; R ,Bielawski.; and Ruoff, R.S. “The chemistry of graphene oxide, Chemical Society reviews, vol. 39, no. 1, (2010) 228–240.

Park S.; and Ruoff, R. S. “Chemical methods for the production of graphenes, Nature nanotechnology, vol. 4, no. 4, (2009) 217–224.

Szabo, T.; Berkesi, O.; and Dekany, I. Free-Green Synthesis and Dynamics of Reduced Graphene Sheets via Sun Light Irradiation, Carbon, 43, (2005)3186-3189.

Titelman, G.I.; Gelman, V.; Bron, S.; Khalfin, R.L.; and Cohen, Y. Carbon, (2019) 508-515.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.